Civilian CSDP Missions

01 January 2026

European Union Common Security and Defence Policy Missions and Operations Report 2024/2025

EUMM Georgia EUAM Iraq EUAM RCA EUAM Ukraine EUPOL COPPS EULEX Kosovo EUCAP Somalia EUCAP Sahel Mali EUBAM Rafah EUBAM Libya European External Action Service (EEAS) Public EUSDI Gulf of Guinea EUPM Moldova 2026 EUM Armenia

This EEAS report examines each CSDP mission and operation, civilian and military, and describes the context, specific mandate, recent achievements, and general activities of each.

There were 22 civilian and military CSDP missions and operations the field during this period, not including the civilian mission EUCAP Sahel Niger and military mission EUMPM Niger which were formally closed in 2024 after being suspended in 2023 following the Nigerien military coup d'état. The 12 extant civilian missions were located in the Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, the Middle East, and several regions of Africa.

In the Eastern Neighbourhood, EUAM Ukraine continued to support EU accession-related reforms to law enforcement and border management, as well as development of a stability policing concept for liberated areas and capacity building for war crimes prosecution. EUPM Moldova supported significant legislative developments in security, civilian crisis management, and critical infrastructure as well as institutional development of the new National Crisis Management Centre, Cybersecurity Agency, and Centre for Strategic Communications and Countering Disinformation. EUMM Georgia continued its work monitoring the breakaway region boundary lines and facilitating communication for dispute resolution through it’s the EUMM Hotline and the Ergneti Incident Prevention and Response Mechanism. EUM Armenia continued its border patrols, launched a Young Professionals Programme, and signed a formal cooperation agreement with EUMM Georgia.

In the Western Balkans, EULEX Kosovo continued its work monitoring and advising the criminal justice system and patrolling with formed police units.

In the Middle East, EUPOL COPPS supported a variety of institutional reforms and legislative changes, including making the Palestinian Civil Police Criminal Police Department an independent unit, introducing community policing, completing the Bethlehem Pilot Project for cooperation between police and prosecutors, and changes to the criminal law and family projection law, among other activities. EUBAM Rafah successfully redeployed to the city during the 2025 ceasefire, enabling 4176 crossings into Egypt between 31 January and 17 March that year, and continued to advise the Palestinian Authority on its Joint Redeployment Plan. EUAM Iraq continued supporting security sector reform and supported the development of Iraq's new National Security Strategy and Counter-Terrorism Strategy.

Civilian CSDP missions continue to operate throughout Africa. EUBAM Libya continued to support Libyan security and customs authorities through trainings, equipment provision, and working group meetings, and conducted its first visit to Benghazi in December 2025. 

In the Sahel, EUCAP Sahel Mali operationalised the Integrated Border Management Centre in Kourémalé to improve inter-agency cooperation for border security. EUSDI Gulf of Guinea, supporting Benin, Ivory Coast, Ghana, and Togo, had a variety of achievements in its first two full years of operations. It trained personnel in defence, intelligence, immigration, police, and gendarmerie and implemented a €1.7 million equipment package for internal security forces in the partner countries.

In the Horn of Africa, EUCAP Somalia successfully graduated 320 officers from the first Somali Police Force Federal Darwish training courses, including 21 women, and supported the drafting of several legislative acts of criminal justice reform. It also opened the Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre and Maritime Command Centre in Mogadishu and Berbera respectively.

Finally, EUAM RCA supported legislative advancement of the Framework Law on the Organisation of the Internal Security System, established legislative drafting committees within the police and gendarmerie, and introduced new IT tools to combat trafficking and poaching.

The report provides a concise but concrete summary of the outputs and strengths of each mission, and is helpful for policymakers and a general audience in understanding the purpose and activities of EU CSDP.

Reference: European External Action Service (2024). European Union Common Security and Defence Policy Missions and Operations Report 2024/2025. Publications Office of the European Union.

The views presented in this document belong to the author and do not reflect the official position of the European Centre of Excellence for Civilian Crisis Management.

Resource

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